Aflatoxin Contamination of Maize and Groundnuts in Barh-Koh Department, Southern Chad

Touroumgaye Goalbaye^1, , Serferbe Signaboubo¹, Alhadj Markhous Nazal¹, Esaie Waya¹ and Grâce Yassi Solo¹

¹University of Sarh

Cite this paper

Touroumgaye Goalbaye, Serferbe Signaboubo, Alhadj Markhous Nazal, Esaie Waya and Grâce Yassi Solo. Aflatoxin Contamination of Maize and Groundnuts in Barh-Koh Department, Southern Chad. Journal of Applied & Environmental Microbiology. 2023; 11(1):19-25. doi: 10.12691/JAEM-11-1-3

Abstract

In Chad, maize and groundnut crops are faced with the proliferation of mycotoxins, particularly aflatoxins. The aim of the study is to determine aflatoxins in maize and groundnut and to design a simplified approach to practices to reduce aflatoxin contamination. A survey of cultivation practices likely to contribute to contamination was carried out using a form sent to growers. Followed by analysis of aflatoxins in maize and peanut samples, using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. The survey showed that 45% of growers harvest maize in October. Groundnuts are harvested in October by 39% of growers. The survey revealed that 33% of growers dry maize for two weeks, while 11% of growers dry maize intermittently for more than three weeks. The result showed that 56% of producers dry peanuts for two weeks. The results showed that 56% of maize dryers use tarpaulins, while 26% dry on the ground. The survey showed that 82% of groundnut drying was done on tarpaulins and 6% on the ground. Samples from maize batch M6 recorded a high total aflatoxin content of 380.83 µg/kg, followed by samples from batches M1 and M9. Low aflatoxin levels were observed in samples from lots M8 (1.05µg/kg), M7 (2.10µg/kg). Peanut lot A9 samples recorded high aflatoxin levels (≥ 5.73µg/kg), followed by lot A2 samples with an aflatoxin level of 2.48µg/kg. Low levels were observed in samples from lots A10 (0.51 µg/kg), A5 and A6 (0.52 µg/kg). Seed treatment with fungicides and harvesting at the end of winter, 14-day drying on tarpaulins and storage in warehouses is proposed to reduce aflatoxin contamination of maize and groundnuts.

Keywords

maize, peanut, aflatoxins, contamination, cultivation practices, Chad

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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